高校助力青少年科技教育的实践与探索——以重庆大学青少年科技教育实践为例

加强青少年科技教育对培养科技后备人才至关重要,因此,高校应突破传统的人才培养观念,主动开发科教资源,与中学衔接,面向广大青少年开展多层次的科技教育与科技体验活动。通过提高认识、完善制度、建立机制,文章提出组建科教专家团,开发共享科技教育基地,打造科技体验品牌活动,与中学协同开展青少年科技教育,培养青少年严谨客观的科学态度、开拓创新的科学精神和求真务实的科学素质。     

基于任务-网络模型的装甲车辆乘员脑力负荷评价方法研究

以多资源理论(MRT)为基础,充分考虑装甲车辆乘员作业特点,从人的信息处理方式入手建立了基于信息执行通道的乘员任务-网络模型,提出了基于任务-网络模型的装甲车辆乘员脑力负荷评价方法。以装甲车辆炮长发现目标并射击任务操作为实例进行分析评价,结果表明,该方法能够清楚地描述乘员全任务过程中脑力负荷的变化情况,有效地找出脑力负荷异常的时间节点和产生原因,量化评估乘员的脑力负荷。     

车载显控终端输入方式对乘员信息处理能力影响试验研究

基于自主开发的车载显控终端作业模拟及工效测试系统,以任务完成时间和错误率为考核指标,通过作业模拟方式,以研究触屏和鼠标两种输入方式对乘员信息处理能力的影响为试验目的进行了试验。研究结果表明:所采用的研究方法可有效区分不同输入方式对乘员信息处理能力的影响,实际作业绩效考核应以触屏操作的绩效考核指标为准;但从掌握系统操作功能来看,两种输入方式的训练效果相同。该研究结果可为车载显控终端输入方式的遴选,人员科学训练提供借鉴和参考。     

Understanding the New Zealand non-domestic building stock

Unlike the residential building stock, most countries have poor information on their non-domestic stock. This necessitates the use of other data sources. In the mid-1980s the (then) New Zealand Department of Valuation digitized its valuation records. This permitted the first analysis of an entire country's non-domestic buildings. A very long-tail probability density function was identified, with the largest 5% of buildings containing more than 40% of the floor space. This knowledge informed the development of research for understanding non-domestic buildings as well as underpinning the 1996 revision of the NZ Building Code Clause H1 Energy Efficiency. More recently an analysis of valuation data has provided the Building Energy End-use Study (BEES) with a national sampling frame to examine energy and water end-uses in non-domestic buildings. The development of processes for collecting and analyzing data is described. Considerable changes in understanding of valuation data have occurred for documenting the non-domestic building stock. New online and geographic information sources can validate and improve building data. The use of such a database supports improved understanding of the changing nature of the building stock and potential intervention points, as well as harnessing regulatory and market forces.     

Built-in resilience through disaster risk reduction: operational issues

It has been argued that the broad range of people responsible for the delivery, operation and maintenance of the built environment need to become more proactively involved in making the built environment resilient to a wide range of known and unforeseen hazards and threats. Accordingly, the (actual and potential) roles of a wide range of stakeholders associated with the integration of disaster risk reduction into the (re-)development of the built environment are examined. A review of literature, government data and interviews with key stakeholders in England highlights that despite regulatory intentions to increase local resilience through the use of public and private sector stakeholders, a number of structural and operational obstacles exist. A range of strategies can be employed to overcome these obstacles: revisions to building codes, tightening planning policy, improving professional training, clarifying roles and missions, enabling complementary bottom-up and top-down approaches, and the provision of good-practice guidance about the broad range of structural and non-structural risk reduction measures. Many of the operational challenges are non-structural and require a coherent, overarching strategy: changing and aligning the social understandings and practices in civil society, government and built environment stakeholders.     

地域性与复杂性——浅析当代地域性建筑的复杂性形态语言

当今世界已经步入全球化、数字化、信息化时代, “复杂性科学”的兴起构筑了一种新的世界观.在“广义地域性建筑”理论的催化作用下,大批具有复杂性形态语言的地域性建筑应运而生,呈现出“地域性与复杂性融合”的特征,推动着当代地域性建筑向前发展.     

试析科学传播中内在的伦理属性

科学传播本质上作为人与人之间的交往活动,具有伦理属性。一是传播主体与受众具有道德判断,二是科学传播模型的改变受社会道德的影响,三是科学知识本身的道德属性。但与科学研究不同的是,科学传播除了具有的科学性、真实性和规范性之外,还应具有传播方式公平性、传播动机正义性及传播态度批判性。     

Construction management and economics: the epistemology of a multidisciplinary design science

Research in the field of construction management and economics (CME) can be characterized as a multidisciplinary design science. Results from the sciences and humanities are necessary inputs for this field of research that deals with design, production and operation of the built environment. The output of CME research as multidisciplinary design science consists of three types of solution concepts: empirical generalizations based on statistical data analysis (technological laws), concepts that specify what to do, if a certain result is to be attained under given circumstances (functional rules), and insights in the interrelationship between design, production and operation of the built environment and social practice (socio‐technological understanding). Scientific justification of these solution concepts is obtained through testing them in the specific context of the built environment.     

有效提升我国网络科普资源效果的对策与建议

中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）发布的数据显示,截至2012年12月底,我国网民规模达到5.64亿,互联网普及率为42.1%,2012年全年网民增量为5 090万,普及率提升3.8个百分点。以互联网技术和网络为载体进行科普是一个趋势,人们倾向于通过网络来了解相关科普信息,从而科普网站渐渐成为科学传播的重要阵地。文章通过分析研究,对如何有效提升我国网络科普资源的利用率提出相应的对策与建议。     

设计思维的探索——老挝万象东昌酒店建筑装修及景观改造设计

设计作品的表象来源于主观,了解主观因素的重要性,注重文化积淀和提升哲学思辩,不断追求主客之协调。以形而上为切入点,阐述设计创作的手法与思路。